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The genetic structure of the plant pathogenic fungus Melampsora larici‐populina on its wild host is extensively impacted by host domestication

Identifieur interne : 000C60 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000C59; suivant : 000C61

The genetic structure of the plant pathogenic fungus Melampsora larici‐populina on its wild host is extensively impacted by host domestication

Auteurs : C. Xhaard [France] ; B. Fabre [France] ; A. Andrieux [France] ; P. Gladieux [France] ; B. Barrès [France] ; P. Frey [France] ; F. Halkett [France]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:8D3D4DB607F1BA4BABDC9085EF2A0F688476C519

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Wild and cultivated plants represent very different habitats for pathogens, especially when cultivated plants bear qualitative resistance genes. Here, we investigated to what extent the population genetic structure of a plant pathogenic fungus collected on its wild host can be impacted by the deployment of resistant cultivars. We studied one of the main poplar diseases, poplar rust, caused by the fungus Melampsora larici‐populina. A thousand and fifty individuals sampled from several locations in France were phenotyped for their virulence profile (ability to infect or not the most deployed resistant cultivar ‘Beaupré’), and a subset of these was genotyped using 25 microsatellite markers. Bayesian assignment tests on genetic data clustered the 476 genotyped individuals into three genetic groups. Group 1 gathered most virulent individuals and displayed evidence for selection and drastic demographic changes resulting from breakdown of the poplar cultivar ‘Beaupré’. Group 2 comprised individuals corresponding to ancestral populations of M. larici‐populina naturally occurring in the native range. Group 3 displayed the hallmarks of strict asexual reproduction, which has never previously been demonstrated in this species. We discuss how poplar cultivation has influenced the spatial and genetic structure of this plant pathogenic fungus, and has led to the spread of virulence alleles (gene swamping) in M. larici‐populina populations evolving on the wild host.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05138.x


Affiliations:


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<term>Basidiomycota (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Bayes Theorem (MeSH)</term>
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<term>Cluster Analysis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Demography (MeSH)</term>
<term>France (MeSH)</term>
<term>Gene Flow (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genetic Structures (genetics)</term>
<term>Genetic Variation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genetics, Population (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genotype (MeSH)</term>
<term>Microsatellite Repeats (genetics)</term>
<term>Mutation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Phenotype (MeSH)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
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<term>Flux des gènes (MeSH)</term>
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<term>Génétique des populations (MeSH)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Mutation (MeSH)</term>
<term>Phénotype (MeSH)</term>
<term>Populus (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Répétitions microsatellites (génétique)</term>
<term>Structures génétiques (génétique)</term>
<term>Sélection (MeSH)</term>
<term>Théorème de Bayes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Variation génétique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Virulence (génétique)</term>
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<term>Microsatellite Repeats</term>
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<term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Populus</term>
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<term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Populus</term>
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<term>Basidiomycota</term>
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<term>Alleles</term>
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<term>Annual review</term>
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<term>Bayes Theorem</term>
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<term>Beaupre</term>
<term>Blackwell publishing</term>
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<term>Breeding</term>
<term>Burdon</term>
<term>Burdon roelfs</term>
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<term>Demographic history</term>
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<term>Different locations</term>
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<term>Ecology</term>
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<term>False discovery rate</term>
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<term>Genetic characteristics</term>
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<term>Genetic group</term>
<term>Genetic groups</term>
<term>Genetic structure</term>
<term>Genetic variability</term>
<term>Genetics</term>
<term>Genetics, Population</term>
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<term>Genotyped</term>
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<term>Gerard</term>
<term>Giraud</term>
<term>Gladieux</term>
<term>Guillot</term>
<term>Halkett</term>
<term>Heterozygosity</term>
<term>Heterozygote</term>
<term>Host plants</term>
<term>Imbalance index</term>
<term>Individuals genotyped</term>
<term>Iteration</term>
<term>Larch</term>
<term>Large heterozygote</term>
<term>Laricipopulina</term>
<term>Life cycle</term>
<term>Lineage</term>
<term>Linkage disequilibrium</term>
<term>Locus</term>
<term>Markov</term>
<term>Markov chains</term>
<term>Mcdonald</term>
<term>Melampsora</term>
<term>Microsatellite</term>
<term>Microsatellite loci</term>
<term>Molecular ecology</term>
<term>Molecular ecology notes</term>
<term>Multilocus</term>
<term>Multilocus genotype</term>
<term>Multilocus genotypes</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Mutation model</term>
<term>Neutral expectations</term>
<term>Nigra</term>
<term>Nonspatial mode</term>
<term>Northern france</term>
<term>Northern half</term>
<term>Pathogen</term>
<term>Pathogen evolution</term>
<term>Phenotype</term>
<term>Phenotypic</term>
<term>Phytopathology</term>
<term>Pinon</term>
<term>Pinon frey</term>
<term>Plant diseases</term>
<term>Plant pathogens</term>
<term>Plant pathology</term>
<term>Poplar</term>
<term>Poplar cultivars</term>
<term>Poplar cultivation</term>
<term>Poplar rust</term>
<term>Population expansion</term>
<term>Population genetics</term>
<term>Population structure</term>
<term>Positive selection</term>
<term>Prelles</term>
<term>Puccinia</term>
<term>Puccinia striiformis</term>
<term>Qualitative resistance</term>
<term>Reference population</term>
<term>Reproductive mode</term>
<term>Rousset</term>
<term>Rust fungus</term>
<term>Sampling sites</term>
<term>Sexual reproduction</term>
<term>Sexual stage</term>
<term>Southern locations</term>
<term>Spatial distribution</term>
<term>Speciation</term>
<term>Stukenbrock</term>
<term>Stukenbrock mcdonald</term>
<term>Sympatric</term>
<term>Sympatry</term>
<term>Venturia inaequalis</term>
<term>Vir7</term>
<term>Vir7 individuals</term>
<term>Virulence</term>
<term>Virulent</term>
<term>Virulent individuals</term>
<term>Wild host</term>
<term>Wild hosts</term>
<term>Wild poplar</term>
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<term>France</term>
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<term>clustering analysis</term>
<term>demographic history</term>
<term>disease spread</term>
<term>gene flow</term>
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<term>Analyse de regroupements</term>
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<term>Flux des gènes</term>
<term>France</term>
<term>Génotype</term>
<term>Génétique des populations</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Phénotype</term>
<term>Sélection</term>
<term>Théorème de Bayes</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Wild and cultivated plants represent very different habitats for pathogens, especially when cultivated plants bear qualitative resistance genes. Here, we investigated to what extent the population genetic structure of a plant pathogenic fungus collected on its wild host can be impacted by the deployment of resistant cultivars. We studied one of the main poplar diseases, poplar rust, caused by the fungus Melampsora larici‐populina. A thousand and fifty individuals sampled from several locations in France were phenotyped for their virulence profile (ability to infect or not the most deployed resistant cultivar ‘Beaupré’), and a subset of these was genotyped using 25 microsatellite markers. Bayesian assignment tests on genetic data clustered the 476 genotyped individuals into three genetic groups. Group 1 gathered most virulent individuals and displayed evidence for selection and drastic demographic changes resulting from breakdown of the poplar cultivar ‘Beaupré’. Group 2 comprised individuals corresponding to ancestral populations of M. larici‐populina naturally occurring in the native range. Group 3 displayed the hallmarks of strict asexual reproduction, which has never previously been demonstrated in this species. We discuss how poplar cultivation has influenced the spatial and genetic structure of this plant pathogenic fungus, and has led to the spread of virulence alleles (gene swamping) in M. larici‐populina populations evolving on the wild host.</div>
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